Pixar

P I X A R (Animation Studios)

Pixar Animation Studios is an American computer animation film studio based in Emeryville, California.

The studio is best known for its CGI-animated feature films created with PhotoRealistic RenderMan, Pixar has produced fourteen feature films, beginning with Toy Story in 1995. Thirteen of the films have received both critical and financial success, with the notable exception being Cars 2, which, related and made successful, received greatly less praise than Pixar's other productions.

All fourteen films have first showing with Cinema Score ratings of at least "A-", shows a very positive reception with audiences. The studio has also produced more than short films.

July 2013, its feature films have made over $8.3 billion worldwide, with an centre worldwide gross of $597 million per film. Both Finding Nemo and Toy Story 3 are among the 50 highest-large films of all time, and all of Pixar's films are among the 50 highest-out size animated films, with Toy Story 3 being the all-time highest, immense over $1 billion worldwide.

(Film characters)

   

Techniques in Animation (Anime)

[Anime & Manga]
Animation Technique.

Animation Technique

Like all animation, the production processes of storyboarding, voice acting, character design, cel production and so on still apply. With improvements in computer technology, computer animation increased the efficiency of the whole production process.The large majority of anime uses traditional animation, which better allows for division of labor, pose to pose approach and checking of   drawings before they are shot – practices favored by the anime industry.

Japanese animation studios were pioneers of many limited animation techniques. Ke Jiang, an animator for Disney, told Anime News Network that like everyone in animation, Japanese animators study the techniques of Disney in school, however Japanese anime has its own set of rules to be followed that have developed over time. Unlike Disney animation where the emphasis is on the movement, Anime emphasise the art quality as limited animation techniques could make up for the lack of time spent on movement. Such techniques were often used not only to meet deadlines but also as artistic devices. Even in bigger productions, studios often use limited animation techniques, even intentionally at times, to fool the eye into thinking there is more movement than there is. John Oppliger, when examining the question of animation quality inconsistency from titles, noted a trend in his weekly column for AnimeNation "Ask John" that for titles from larger studios, stating that the "most reliable predictor for animation quality" is the profile of the series itself, and that "shows that are expected to be big hits or shows that are consciously crafted to make a big splash... typically get unusually exceptional animation quality." He stated that although viewers can expect high quality animation from small studios with a reputation for high quality animation due to their ability to focus all of their resources on a single work, large studios tend to work on several shows and thus prioritize speed over quality. Oppliger stated that anime is one of the rare mediums were putting together an all-star cast usually comes out looking "tremedously impressive."

Anime scenes place emphasis on achieving three-dimensional views. Backgrounds depict the scenes' atmosphere.For example, anime often puts emphasis on changing seasons, as can be seen in numerous anime, such as Tenchi Muyo!. Sometimes actual settings have been duplicated into an anime. The backgrounds for the Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya are based on various locations within the suburb of Nishinomiya, Ryogo, Japan.

Camera Affects

Camera angles, camera movement, and lighting play an important role in scenes. Directors often have the discretion of determining viewing angles for scenes, particularly regarding backgrounds. In addition, camera angles show perspective. Directors can also choose camera effects within cinematography, such as panning, zooming, facial closeup, and panoramic.

Video Links of animation [Anime & Manga]:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z95dmXJ5XkM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHfzFyl2H6g
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lr-V5p7gc_Q

Pictures of [Anime & Manga]:

Tex Avery

Tex Avery

Frederick Bean Avery was born in 26/02/1908 and died on 26/08/1980. On 1930, Tex Avery was an american animator and voicer/director of his animated films. He did his most significant work for the Warner Bros. and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios, creating the characters of Bugs Bunny,Daffy Duck, Droopy, Screwy Squirrel, and developing Porky Pig, Chilly Willy, he produced the famous animated cartoon during the Golden Age of Hollywood Animation.

Avery's influence can be seen in almost all of the animated cartoon series by various studios in the 1940s and 1950s.

The house style made the cartoons that appealed equally to adults, who appreciated Avery's speed, sarcasm, and irony, and to kids, who liked the nonstop action. Disney's creatures, under Avery's guidance, were transformed into unflappable wits like Bugs Bunny, endearing buffoons like Porky Pig, or dazzling crazies like Daffy Duck. Even the classic fairy tale, a market that Disney had cornered, was appropriated by Avery, who made innocent heroines like Red Riding Hood into sexy jazz babies, more than a match for any Wolf. Avery also endeared himself to intellectuals by constantly breaking through the artifice of the cartoon, having characters leap out of the end credits, loudly object to the plot of the cartoon they were starring in, or speak directly to the audience.

Go to his work of his cartoons on YT:
1) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xX0VRWrBuF8 (Red Hot Riding Hood)
2) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IXcWQrhzlMU (Red Hot Riding Hood)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mn5nE8uyvb8 (The Peachy Cobbler)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ozl6CN006r0 (Blitz Wolf)

Drawn on Film - Cel Animation - Painting on Film

Drawn on Film:

Drawn-on-film animation is exactly what it sounds like: animation that's drawn directly on the film reel, using a number of tools, techniques, and methods. This skips the entire process of cel-animation, photographing, and video sequencing - or the more modern process of digital rendering. Instead, drawn-on-film animation imposes the animated image directly on the individual frames of a reel of film.

So how does this work?

Drawn-on-film animators can use either blank (undeveloped) or black (developed) film in large or small sizes; which they use determines their technique, though many animators have made themselves famous for wildly experimental forays into drawn-on-film animation that deviate from the normal techniques.

Animated pictures & films:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Em0GeQAVHDs

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oktGlZQgYWs
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0g6htoSqxN0&feature=endscreen&NR=1

Stop Motion (Stop frame)

Stop Motion
Stop-motion animation (or stop-action) is the painstaking process of photographing a model, moving it a miniscule amount, then photographing it again. Finally, you string the photographs together and the tiny movements appear to be action. This form of animation is the simplest to use and is great for beginners.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ByGq-EdQ2L0
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N45VYUcYu90&safe=active
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6vZ0iqUS6sg&feature=fvwp&NR=1&safe=active
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GSzCLf8tjP4&safe=active

PowerPuff Girls

The PowerPuff Girls

The Powerpuff Girls is an American animated television series created by Animator Craig McCracken and produced by Cartoon Network Studios for Cartoon Network. The show centers on Blossom, Bubbles, and Buttercup, three kindergarten-aged girls with superpowers, as well as their ''Father'', the brainy scientist Professor Utonium, who all live in the Fictional City of Townsville, USA. The girls are frequently called upon by the town's childlike mayor to help fight nearby criminals using their powers.

The Powerpuff Girls revolves around the adventures of Blossom, Bubbles, and Buttercup. Each of the girls has a color: Blossom is pink, Bubbles is blue, and Buttercup is green. The plot of a typical episode is some humorous variation of standard superhero and tokusatsu fare, with the girls using their powers to defend their town from villains and giant monsters. In addition, the girls have to deal with normal issues young children face, such as sibling rivalries, loose teeth, personal hygiene, going to school, bed wetting, or dependence on a security blanket. Episodes often contain more or less hidden references to older pop culture (especially noticeable in the episode "Meet the Beat Alls," having been an homage to the Beatles). The cartoon always tries to keep different ideas within each episode with some small tributes and parodies thrown in.

The setting of the show is mainly the city of Townsville, USA. Townsville is depicted as a major American city, with a cityscape consisting of several major skyscrapers. In his review of The Powerpuff Girls Movie, movie critic Bob Longino of The Atlanta Journal-Constitution said that, "the intricate drawings emanate 1950s futuristic pizazz like a David Hockney scenescape," and that the show is "one of the few American creations that is both gleeful pop culture and exquisite high art.

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The Powerpuff Girls series debut on November 18, 1998, was the highest rated premiere in Cartoon Network's history at the time. The series consistently scored the highest rating each week for the network across a wide range of demographics—from young children to adults. In October 2000, Cartoon Network credited The Powerpuff Girls for its Friday night prime time ratings win among cable networks. By the end of 2000, merchandising based on The Powerpuff Girls encompassed a whole variety of products, including T-shirts, toys, video games, lunchboxes, and dish ware. Concerning The Powerpuff Girls success, Craig McCracken has stated, "I thought it would get on Cartoon Network and college kids would watch it and there would be a few random T-shirts out there in the rave scene or in record shops. But I had no idea that it would take off to this extent." The show's last original run episode was on March 25, 2005, in all six seasons were made.

On January 28, 2013, it was announced that a new CGI special starring the girls will premiere later in the year. The special will feature Ringo Starr of The Beatles singing a new original song I Wish I Was A Powerpuff Girl and voicing a new character named Fibonacci Sequins. The special will be directed by Dave Smith, who directed episodes for the series in the past, with the original cast members returning to reprise their roles.

Tom and Jerry

                                           Tom and Jerry

               

Tom and Jerry is a series of theatrical animated cartoon films created by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, centering on a rivalry between a cat (Tom) and a mouse (Jerry) whose chases involved comic violence. 
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A longtime television staple, Tom and Jerry has a worldwide audience and has been recognized as one of the most famous and longest-lived rivalries in American cinema. In 2000, Time magazine named Tom and Jerry one of the greatest television shows of all time.
The series features comedic fights between an iconic set of enemies, a house cat and mouse. The plots of each short usually center on Tom's numerous attempts to capture Jerry and the mayhem and destruction that ensues. Tom rarely succeeds in catching Jerry, mainly because of Jerry's cleverness, cunning abilities, and luck. Despite this, there are also several instances within the cartoons where they display genuine friendship and concern for each other's well-being. Other times, the pair set aside their rivalry in order to pursue a common goal, such as when a baby escaped the watch of a negligent teen babysitter, causing Tom and Jerry to pursue the baby and keep it away from danger.
The cartoons are infamous for some of the most violent cartoon gags ever devised in theatrical animation, such as Jerry slicing Tom in half, shutting his head in a window or a door, Tom using everything from axes, firearms, explosives, traps and poison to try to murder Jerry, Jerry stuffing Tom's tail in a waffle iron and a mangle, kicking him into a refrigerator, plugging his tail into an electric socket, pounding him with a mace, club or mallet, causing a tree or an electric pole to drive him into the ground, sticking matches into his feet and lighting them, tying him to a firework and setting it off, and so on. Because of this, Tom and Jerry has often been criticized as excessively violent. Despite the frequent violence, there is no blood or gore in any scene.

Kinetiscope

Kinatoscope was created by Thomas Edison
In early 1889, he finally gave a name to his planned invention in a second claim: kinetoscope, from the Greek
words quint means “movement” and scoops means “to view”
William Dickson, Edison's assistant and one of his most talented men. His task was to develop the kinatiscope. Because of this, many scholars and historians largely credited Dickson despite Edison taking the full credit. Edison started using them for testing during the kinetoscope’s development. Eastman Company eventually started producing its own celluloid films, which Dickson soon began purchasing by bulk. Working under this new direction, Dickson, along with a new assistant, started creating a device with a horizontal-feed system for exposing film strips.
The kinetoscope was born. The prototype, which was also a camera aside from a peep-hole viewer, was unveiled on May 20, 1891. It used 18mm wide films, which, according to author David Robinson
The final product was completed in 1892, sporting a minor change: the horizontal-feed mechanism was replaced with a vertical one. It was formally introduced to the public on May 9, 1893 at the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. To watch a clip of moving images, the viewer would peek into a peep-hole with magnifying lenses on top of the cabinet.

Phase Two (2.2)

The Zoetrope was invented by William Horner on 1834. He made his design of Zoetrope and he owned a name for his Zoetrope. It called 'Daedalum' (The Wheel of the Devil).